Macular degeneration and age-related vision loss

Overview

11M

Estimated number of people in the U.S. living with some form of macular degeneration (BrightFocus Foundation).

85–90%

Percentage of AMD cases that are the dry form (American Academy of Ophthalmology).

1 in 3

Approximate number of adults over 75 who show signs of macular degeneration (National Eye Institute).

In plain language

Macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition that affects central vision, making tasks like reading and recognizing faces difficult. It’s most common in older adults and can be managed through early detection, nutritional support, and treatment.

Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a common eye disease that damages the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. There are two main forms: Dry AMD, which develops gradually as retinal cells thin, and Wet AMD, which progresses more rapidly due to abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina. AMD doesn’t cause complete blindness but can significantly affect central vision and quality of life. Risk increases with age, family history, smoking, and poor nutrition. Early detection, lifestyle changes, and appropriate treatment can slow progression and preserve sight. Seniors are encouraged to have regular eye exams to monitor eye health and detect early signs of vision changes.

Key Information

Review the most relevant symptoms, risk factors, and common care approaches in one place.

Risk Factors

Certain lifestyle choices and health conditions can increase your risk of developing macular degeneration. Knowing these risk factors can help you take steps to protect your vision.

Age over 60
Family history of AMD
Smoking
High blood pressure or high cholesterol
Prolonged sun exposure
Poor diet low in leafy greens and antioxidants

Symptoms

Macular degeneration often develops slowly, so early signs can be easy to miss. Watch for these common symptoms that may signal changes in your central vision.

Blurred or distorted central vision
Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
Straight lines appearing wavy (metamorphopsia)
Dark or empty spots in the center of vision
Needing brighter light for close-up tasks

Coping Strategies

Treatments That May Help

Start with the options that have more supporting research and then review the details with your care team.

Treatment Option

Supplements

Supplements help fill nutritional gaps and support healthy aging. For seniors, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3s can enhance bone strength, heart health, energy, and immune function when used safely under professional guidance.

18 studies

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Treatment Option

Vitamins

Vitamins are essential nutrients that help maintain energy, immunity, and overall vitality. For seniors, daily vitamin support can fill nutritional gaps, strengthen bones, and protect heart and brain health when used safely under professional guidance.

6 studies

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Treatment Option

Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a powerful carotenoid antioxidant derived from microalgae that gives salmon and shrimp their pink color. It crosses the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers, providing unique protection for the eyes and brain.

3 studies

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