What is peripheral neuropathy?

Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hands and feet.

Who is at risk for peripheral neuropathy?

Risk factors include diabetes, excessive alcohol use, certain vitamin deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and some medications. The likelihood increases with age.

Are there early signs of peripheral neuropathy?

Early signs may include tingling, numbness, or a burning sensation in the hands or feet. It's important to talk to a healthcare provider if you notice these symptoms.

How is peripheral neuropathy managed?

Management often involves addressing underlying conditions, like controlling blood sugar for diabetes, and might include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

When should I see a doctor for peripheral neuropathy?

If you experience persistent numbness, tingling, or pain in your hands or feet, or if it's affecting your daily life, it's wise to consult a healthcare professional.

Peripheral Neuropathy

Overview

100

Different types of peripheral neuropathy identified by scientists to date

50

The age at which people are at higher risk for most peripheral neuropathies

2.4%

People affected by peripheral neuropathy — increases more than three times in older populations

In plain language

Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, often leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hands and feet. It can result from various underlying health conditions, including diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, and autoimmune disorders. As we age, the risk of developing peripheral neuropathy increases.

Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. When these nerves become damaged, they may not transmit signals properly, leading to various symptoms.

The exact cause of peripheral neuropathy can vary, but it often arises from underlying health conditions such as diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or autoimmune disorders.

Understanding the underlying causes of peripheral neuropathy is crucial for effective management. By addressing the underlying condition and managing symptoms, individuals can improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of complications.

Common types of peripheral neuropathy include:

Diabetic neuropathy: Caused by damage to nerves due to high blood sugar levels.
Alcoholic neuropathy: Resulting from nerve damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption.
Vitamin deficiency neuropathy: Caused by deficiencies in vitamins such as B1, B6, and B12.
Autoimmune neuropathy: Arises from autoimmune disorders that attack the nerves.
Idiopathic neuropathy: Occurs without a known cause.

Key Information

Review the most relevant symptoms, risk factors, and common care approaches in one place.

Risk Factors

Several factors can contribute to the development of peripheral neuropathy, including:

Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage nerves over time.
Alcohol abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption can damage nerves.
Vitamin deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins B1, B6, and B12 can lead to nerve damage.
Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can attack nerves.
Infections: Certain infections, such as shingles, can damage nerves.
Medications: Some medications, such as chemotherapy drugs, can have nerve damage as a side effect.

Symptoms

The symptoms of peripheral neuropathy can vary depending on the nerves affected. Common symptoms include:

Numbness: A loss of sensation in the hands, feet, or other areas of the body.
Tingling: A prickling or tingling sensation in the affected areas.
Pain: Sharp, burning, or shooting pain.
Weakness: Muscle weakness, particularly in the hands and feet.
Loss of coordination: Difficulty with balance and coordination.

Coping Strategies

To manage peripheral neuropathy, consider the following strategies:

Managing underlying conditions: Controlling diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, and other underlying health conditions can help alleviate symptoms.
Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription pain medications can help manage pain.
Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve strength, balance, and coordination.
Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help with daily activities and assistive device training.
Lifestyle modifications: Wearing protective footwear, avoiding extreme temperatures, and practicing good foot care can help prevent injuries.

Common Treatments

While there is no cure for peripheral neuropathy, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:

Medications: Pain medications, antidepressants, and anti-seizure medications may be used to manage pain and other symptoms.
Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength and balance.
Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help with daily activities and assistive device training.
Lifestyle modifications: Wearing protective footwear, avoiding extreme temperatures, and practicing good foot care can help prevent injuries.

Treatments That May Help

Start with the options that have more supporting research and then review the details with your care team.

Treatment Option

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is an amino-acid-derived nutrient that helps the body convert fat into energy. It supports healthy nerve function and may enhance memory and alertness in older adults experiencing fatigue or mild cognitive changes.

8 studies

Alpha-lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant that supports nerve function, glucose metabolism, and healthy aging. It helps protect cells from oxidative stress, which contributes to nerve pain and fatigue.

3 studies

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Thiamine supports energy metabolism, nerve health, and cognitive function, helping maintain steady vitality.